Type Analysis
| Description | Corrosion Resistance | Physical Properties | Heat Treatment |
|
Element |
Min |
Max |
|
Carbon |
0.10 |
0.15 |
|
Manganese |
0.50 |
1.25 |
|
Silicon |
-- |
0.50 |
|
Phosphorus |
-- |
0.040 |
|
Sulfur |
-- |
0.030 |
|
Chromium |
15.00 |
16.00 |
|
Nickel |
4.00 |
5.00 |
|
Molybdenum |
2.50 |
3.25 |
|
Nitrogen |
0.07 |
0.13 |
Alloy 355 is a
chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel which can be hardened by
martensitic transformantion and/or precipitation hardening. It has
been used for gas turbine compressor components such as
blades,discs,rotors and shafts and similar parts where high strength
is required at intermediate elevated temperatures.
Depending upon
the heat treatment, alloy 355 may have an austenitic structure and
formability similar to other austenitic stainless steels or a
martensitic structure and high strength comparable to other
martensitic stainless steels. High strengths may also be attained by
cold working, and are maintained (whether produced by heat treatment
or by cold work) at temperature up to 1000 °F(538 °C).
Corrosion resistance of the alloy is superior to that of other
quenched-hardenable martensitic stainless steels and approaches that
of the chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels. The alloy is
usually supplied in either annealed or in the equalized and
over-tempered condition.
Alloy 355 meets specifications:
AMS
5743(Bars, equalized and over tempered)
AMS 5744(Bars, sub-zero
cooled and tempered)
Alloy 355 has corrosion
resistance superior to that of other quench-hardenable martensitic
stainless steels. It offers good resistance to atmospheric corrosion
and to a number of other mild chemical environments. Material in the
double-aged or equalized and overtempered condition is susceptible to
intergranular corrosion because of grain boundary precipitaiton of
carbides. When this alloy is hardened by sub-zero cooling, it is not
subject to intergranular attack.
The treatment for optimum
stress-corrosion resistance is as follows: Heat to 1875/1900
°F(1024/1038 °C), water quench, sub-zero cool 3 hours at -100
°F(-73 °C); reheat to 1700 °F(927 °C), air cool,
sub-zero cool to -100 °F for 3 hours, and then temper at 1000
°F(538 °C) for 3 hours.
For optimum corrosion resistance,
surfaces must be free of scale and foreign particles and finished
parts should be passivated
|
Specific gravity: |
Electrical
resistivity
Sub-zero cooled,tempered 850 °F(454 °C)
|
Test Temparature |
Ohm-cir mil/ft |
Microhm-mm |
|
|
°F |
°C |
||
|
82 |
28 |
456 |
758 |
|
113 |
45 |
461 |
766 |
|
211 |
99 |
480 |
798 |
|
320 |
160 |
498 |
828 |
|
470 |
243 |
522 |
868 |
|
607 |
319 |
549 |
913 |
|
734 |
390 |
570 |
948 |
|
885 |
474 |
597 |
992 |
|
1052 |
568 |
623 |
1036 |
|
1208 |
651 |
650 |
1081 |
|
1394 |
757 |
660 |
1097 |
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
|
|
|
Sub-zero
cooled, |
|||
|
68 °F to |
20 °C to |
10(-6)/°F |
10(-6)/K |
10(-6)/°F |
10(-6)/K |
|
212 |
100 |
8.3 |
14.9 |
6.4 |
11.5 |
|
572 |
300 |
7.9 |
14.2 |
6.8 |
12.2 |
|
752 |
400 |
8.3 |
14.9 |
7.0 |
12.6 |
|
932 |
500 |
9.4 |
16.9 |
7.2 |
13.0 |
|
1150 |
621 |
9.2 |
16.6 |
7.2 |
13.0 |
|
1350 |
732 |
9.7 |
17.5 |
6.5 |
11.7 |
|
1500 |
816 |
10.2 |
18.4 |
6.7 |
12.1 |
|
1700 |
927 |
10.6 |
19.1 |
7.1 |
12.8 |
Thermal
Conductivity
Sub-zero cooled,tempered 850 °F(454 °C)
|
Test Temparature |
Btu-in/ft²-h-°F |
W/m-K |
|
|
°F |
°C |
||
|
100 |
38 |
105 |
15.1 |
|
200 |
93 |
110 |
15.9 |
|
300 |
149 |
114 |
16.5 |
|
400 |
204 |
114 |
16.5 |
|
500 |
260 |
124 |
17.8 |
|
600 |
316 |
128 |
18.5 |
|
700 |
371 |
134 |
19.4 |
|
800 |
427 |
139 |
20.1 |
|
900 |
482 |
144 |
20.8 |
Magnetic Properties
Sub-zero cooled,tempered 1000 °F(538 °C)
|
Test |
Maximum |
Residual |
Coercive |
B
max. |
|
|
°F |
°C |
||||
|
Room Temperature |
150 |
6400 |
28.0 |
11508 |
|
|
200 |
93 |
156 |
6300 |
26.4 |
11408 |
|
300 |
149 |
155 |
6200 |
25.5 |
11208 |
|
500 |
260 |
161 |
5800 |
22.4 |
10608 |
Annealing
Heat
to 1850/1900 °F(1024/1038 °C) and cool rapidly
Hardening
The
alloy can be hardened by either sub-zero cooling or by a double-aging
treatment. Hardening by sub-zero cooling will result in higher
strength than that attained by double aging. "Condition" of
the alloy by rapid cooling from 1710/1750 °F(932/954 °C) is
required before either hardening treatnment.
Sub-zero
cooling
After conditioning, the alloy is held at -100 Deg F
for a minimum of 3 hours and then tempered at 850 °F for the best
combination of strength and ductility. If, however, applications
required better finish machining characteristics, higher impact
strengths, or higher ductilities than are provided by an 850 °F
temper, tempering temperatures up to 1000 °F may be employed.
Optimum stress-corrosion-cracking resistance is provided by the 1000
°F temper.
Double age
1350/1400
°F(732/760 °C) for 3-4 hours, rapid cool; 825/875 °F
(440/468 °C) for 2-3 hours , air cool. The 1350/1400 °F
treatment results in carbide precipitation so that the material will
completely transform to martensite when rapidly cooled to room
temperature. The treatment at 825/875 °F after transformation
provides further increases in strength and hardness.
Equalized and
overtempered
In this variation of double-age, treat at
1375/1475 °F(732/801 °C) for 3-4 hours, rapid cool, then
treat at 1000/1100 °F(538/593 °C), air cool. This treatment
imparts higher ductility and lower hardness than double aging. It is
the condition in which this alloy is most readily machined. Bars and
billets are normally equalized and overtempered before being
"conditioned" for hardening. Surface conditions such as
nitriding, carburization, or decarburization are to be avoided as
they will inhibit the response of the material to hardening.
Hot Working
The
hot working characteristics of alloy 355 are similar to those of
other chromium-nickel stainless steels. It is worked from a mazimum
temperature of 2100 °F and finished in the range 1700/1800 °F.
The use of starting temperatures higher than 2100 °F results in
an increased amount of delta ferrite in the alloy. A relatively low
finishing temperature prevents subsequent grain coarsening and
promotes homogenous precipitation of carbides. Cool forging in air to
room temperature. Then equalize and over-temper
Cold Working
In
the annealed condition alloy 355 is handled in much the same manner
as AISI type 300 series stainless steels. It has, however, a high
rate of work hardening, about the same as AISI Type 301. When
desirable the rate of work hardening may be lowered slightly by
heating the material to 600/700 °F(316/371 °C) before cold
working. In the hardened condition this alloy has sufficient
ductility for limited forming and straightening operations.
Machining
Successful
machining of alloy 355 requires the same practices used for other
stainless steels; i.e., rigid tool and work supports, slower speeds,
positive cuts, absence of dwelling or glazing, and adequate amounts
of coolant. In the annealed condition this alloy has a high rate of
work hardening and a tendency to be gummy. Machining this alloy in
the annealed condition is not, therefore, recommended. If machining
is to be done after sub-zero hardening, tempering at 1000 °F,
hardness Rockwell C40, is suggested. This will provide improved
machinability compared to that obtained after lowering tempering
treatments. Optimum machinability of this alloy is obtained when the
material is in the equalized and overtempered condition.
Following are typical feeds and speeds for equalized and overtempered alloy 355:
|
High Speed Tools |
||||
|
Turning- |
Cut-Off |
1/16" |
SFPM |
45 |
|
1/8" |
SFPM |
45 |
||
|
1/4" |
SFPM |
45 |
||
|
1/2" |
SFPM |
45 |
||
|
Form |
1" |
SFPM |
45 |
|
|
1-1/2" |
SFPM |
45 |
||
|
Drilling |
Drill |
1/4" |
SFPM |
50 |
|
3/4" |
SFPM |
50 |
||
|
Reaming |
Under 1/2" |
SFPM |
60 |
|
|
Over 1/2" |
SFPM |
60 |
||
|
Die Threading |
T.P.I |
3-7½ |
SFPM |
5-12 |
|
8-15 |
SFPM |
8-15 |
||
|
Over 16 |
SFPM |
10-20 |
||
|
Tapping |
SFPM |
25 |
||
|
Milling- |
Depth of |
SFPM |
85 |
|
|
Broaching |
SFPM |
10 |
||
|
Chip Load in./tooth |
.002 |
|||
Welding
Alloy
355 can be satisfactorily welded by the shielded fusion and
resistance welding processes. Oxyacteylene welding is not
recommended, since carbon pickup the weld may occur. When a filler
metal is required, a matching analysis should be used to provide
welds with properties approximately the same as the base metal. When
designing the weld joint, care should be exercised to avoid stress
concentrators, such as sharp corners, threads. and
partial-penetration welds. When high weld strength is not needed, a
standard austenitic stainless filler, such as E/ER 308, should be
considered. Preheating is not required to prevent cracking. If
possible , the weldment should be annealed after welding to provide
the optimum combination of strength, ductility and corrosion
resistance.
Typical Room
Temperature Mechanical Properties
Sub-zero cooled, tempered
|
Product |
Tempering |
Specimen |
Yield Strength |
Ultimate |
% |
% |
Rockwell
C |
|||||
|
°F |
°C |
0.02% Offset |
0.2% Offset |
|||||||||
|
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
|||||||
|
Bar |
850 |
454 |
L |
142 |
979 |
182 |
1255 |
216 |
1489 |
19 |
38 |
48 |
|
Bar |
850 |
454 |
T |
148 |
1020 |
185 |
1276 |
220 |
1517 |
12 |
21 |
-- |
|
Bar |
1000 |
538 |
L |
147 |
1014 |
171 |
1179 |
185 |
1276 |
19 |
57 |
40 |
|
Bar |
1000 |
538 |
T |
148 |
1020 |
169 |
1165 |
185 |
1276 |
15 |
40 |
-- |
*T(Transverse) L(Longitudinal)
Typical Stress
Rupture Strength Bar
Sub-zero cooled, tempered
|
Tempering |
Test |
Stress for rupture in |
|||||||
|
°F |
°C |
°F |
°C |
10 hours |
100 hours |
1000 hours |
|||
|
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
||||
|
850 |
454 |
800 |
427 |
188 |
1296 |
185 |
1276 |
182 |
1255 |
|
-- |
-- |
900 |
482 |
141 |
972 |
120 |
827 |
98 |
676 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
88 |
607 |
72 |
496 |
58 |
400 |
|
1000 |
538 |
800 |
427 |
140 |
965 |
138 |
951 |
135 |
931 |
|
-- |
-- |
900 |
482 |
110 |
758 |
105 |
724 |
99 |
683 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
84 |
579 |
71 |
490 |
60 |
414 |
Typical Elevated
Temperature Tensile Properties of Bar
Sub-zero cooled,
tempered
|
Test |
Tempering |
Yield Strength |
Ultimate |
% |
% |
||||||
|
°F |
°C |
°F |
°C |
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
||
|
70 |
21 |
850 |
454 |
142 |
979 |
182 |
1255 |
216 |
1489 |
19 |
39 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
147 |
1014 |
171 |
1179 |
186 |
1282 |
19 |
57 |
|
400 |
204 |
850 |
454 |
123 |
848 |
163 |
1124 |
207 |
1427 |
16 |
45 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
128 |
883 |
152 |
1048 |
166 |
1145 |
16 |
60 |
|
600 |
316 |
850 |
454 |
110 |
758 |
152 |
1048 |
210 |
1448 |
12 |
36 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
123 |
848 |
143 |
986 |
159 |
1096 |
14 |
49 |
|
800 |
427 |
850 |
454 |
98 |
676 |
139 |
958 |
198 |
1365 |
11 |
36 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
107 |
738 |
128 |
883 |
140 |
965 |
15 |
54 |
|
1000 |
538 |
850 |
454 |
65 |
448 |
97 |
669 |
144 |
993 |
16 |
57 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
70 |
483 |
96 |
662 |
115 |
793 |
19 |
65 |
Type Analysis
| Description | Corrosion Resistance | Physical Properties | Heat Treatment |
|
Element |
Min |
Max |
|
Carbon |
0.10 |
0.15 |
|
Manganese |
0.50 |
1.25 |
|
Silicon |
-- |
0.50 |
|
Phosphorus |
-- |
0.040 |
|
Sulfur |
-- |
0.030 |
|
Chromium |
15.00 |
16.00 |
|
Nickel |
4.00 |
5.00 |
|
Molybdenum |
2.50 |
3.25 |
|
Nitrogen |
0.07 |
0.13 |
Alloy 355 is a
chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel which can be hardened by
martensitic transformantion and/or precipitation hardening. It has
been used for gas turbine compressor components such as
blades,discs,rotors and shafts and similar parts where high strength
is required at intermediate elevated temperatures.
Depending upon
the heat treatment, alloy 355 may have an austenitic structure and
formability similar to other austenitic stainless steels or a
martensitic structure and high strength comparable to other
martensitic stainless steels. High strengths may also be attained by
cold working, and are maintained (whether produced by heat treatment
or by cold work) at temperature up to 1000 °F(538 °C).
Corrosion resistance of the alloy is superior to that of other
quenched-hardenable martensitic stainless steels and approaches that
of the chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels. The alloy is
usually supplied in either annealed or in the equalized and
over-tempered condition.
Alloy 355 meets specifications:
AMS
5743(Bars, equalized and over tempered)
AMS 5744(Bars, sub-zero
cooled and tempered)
Alloy 355 has corrosion
resistance superior to that of other quench-hardenable martensitic
stainless steels. It offers good resistance to atmospheric corrosion
and to a number of other mild chemical environments. Material in the
double-aged or equalized and overtempered condition is susceptible to
intergranular corrosion because of grain boundary precipitaiton of
carbides. When this alloy is hardened by sub-zero cooling, it is not
subject to intergranular attack.
The treatment for optimum
stress-corrosion resistance is as follows: Heat to 1875/1900
°F(1024/1038 °C), water quench, sub-zero cool 3 hours at -100
°F(-73 °C); reheat to 1700 °F(927 °C), air cool,
sub-zero cool to -100 °F for 3 hours, and then temper at 1000
°F(538 °C) for 3 hours.
For optimum corrosion resistance,
surfaces must be free of scale and foreign particles and finished
parts should be passivated
|
Specific gravity: |
Electrical
resistivity
Sub-zero cooled,tempered 850 °F(454 °C)
|
Test Temparature |
Ohm-cir mil/ft |
Microhm-mm |
|
|
°F |
°C |
||
|
82 |
28 |
456 |
758 |
|
113 |
45 |
461 |
766 |
|
211 |
99 |
480 |
798 |
|
320 |
160 |
498 |
828 |
|
470 |
243 |
522 |
868 |
|
607 |
319 |
549 |
913 |
|
734 |
390 |
570 |
948 |
|
885 |
474 |
597 |
992 |
|
1052 |
568 |
623 |
1036 |
|
1208 |
651 |
650 |
1081 |
|
1394 |
757 |
660 |
1097 |
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
|
|
|
Sub-zero
cooled, |
|||
|
68 °F to |
20 °C to |
10(-6)/°F |
10(-6)/K |
10(-6)/°F |
10(-6)/K |
|
212 |
100 |
8.3 |
14.9 |
6.4 |
11.5 |
|
572 |
300 |
7.9 |
14.2 |
6.8 |
12.2 |
|
752 |
400 |
8.3 |
14.9 |
7.0 |
12.6 |
|
932 |
500 |
9.4 |
16.9 |
7.2 |
13.0 |
|
1150 |
621 |
9.2 |
16.6 |
7.2 |
13.0 |
|
1350 |
732 |
9.7 |
17.5 |
6.5 |
11.7 |
|
1500 |
816 |
10.2 |
18.4 |
6.7 |
12.1 |
|
1700 |
927 |
10.6 |
19.1 |
7.1 |
12.8 |
Thermal
Conductivity
Sub-zero cooled,tempered 850 °F(454 °C)
|
Test Temparature |
Btu-in/ft²-h-°F |
W/m-K |
|
|
°F |
°C |
||
|
100 |
38 |
105 |
15.1 |
|
200 |
93 |
110 |
15.9 |
|
300 |
149 |
114 |
16.5 |
|
400 |
204 |
114 |
16.5 |
|
500 |
260 |
124 |
17.8 |
|
600 |
316 |
128 |
18.5 |
|
700 |
371 |
134 |
19.4 |
|
800 |
427 |
139 |
20.1 |
|
900 |
482 |
144 |
20.8 |
Magnetic Properties
Sub-zero cooled,tempered 1000 °F(538 °C)
|
Test |
Maximum |
Residual |
Coercive |
B
max. |
|
|
°F |
°C |
||||
|
Room Temperature |
150 |
6400 |
28.0 |
11508 |
|
|
200 |
93 |
156 |
6300 |
26.4 |
11408 |
|
300 |
149 |
155 |
6200 |
25.5 |
11208 |
|
500 |
260 |
161 |
5800 |
22.4 |
10608 |
Annealing
Heat
to 1850/1900 °F(1024/1038 °C) and cool rapidly
Hardening
The
alloy can be hardened by either sub-zero cooling or by a double-aging
treatment. Hardening by sub-zero cooling will result in higher
strength than that attained by double aging. "Condition" of
the alloy by rapid cooling from 1710/1750 °F(932/954 °C) is
required before either hardening treatnment.
Sub-zero
cooling
After conditioning, the alloy is held at -100 Deg F
for a minimum of 3 hours and then tempered at 850 °F for the best
combination of strength and ductility. If, however, applications
required better finish machining characteristics, higher impact
strengths, or higher ductilities than are provided by an 850 °F
temper, tempering temperatures up to 1000 °F may be employed.
Optimum stress-corrosion-cracking resistance is provided by the 1000
°F temper.
Double age
1350/1400
°F(732/760 °C) for 3-4 hours, rapid cool; 825/875 °F
(440/468 °C) for 2-3 hours , air cool. The 1350/1400 °F
treatment results in carbide precipitation so that the material will
completely transform to martensite when rapidly cooled to room
temperature. The treatment at 825/875 °F after transformation
provides further increases in strength and hardness.
Equalized and
overtempered
In this variation of double-age, treat at
1375/1475 °F(732/801 °C) for 3-4 hours, rapid cool, then
treat at 1000/1100 °F(538/593 °C), air cool. This treatment
imparts higher ductility and lower hardness than double aging. It is
the condition in which this alloy is most readily machined. Bars and
billets are normally equalized and overtempered before being
"conditioned" for hardening. Surface conditions such as
nitriding, carburization, or decarburization are to be avoided as
they will inhibit the response of the material to hardening.
Hot Working
The
hot working characteristics of alloy 355 are similar to those of
other chromium-nickel stainless steels. It is worked from a mazimum
temperature of 2100 °F and finished in the range 1700/1800 °F.
The use of starting temperatures higher than 2100 °F results in
an increased amount of delta ferrite in the alloy. A relatively low
finishing temperature prevents subsequent grain coarsening and
promotes homogenous precipitation of carbides. Cool forging in air to
room temperature. Then equalize and over-temper
Cold Working
In
the annealed condition alloy 355 is handled in much the same manner
as AISI type 300 series stainless steels. It has, however, a high
rate of work hardening, about the same as AISI Type 301. When
desirable the rate of work hardening may be lowered slightly by
heating the material to 600/700 °F(316/371 °C) before cold
working. In the hardened condition this alloy has sufficient
ductility for limited forming and straightening operations.
Machining
Successful
machining of alloy 355 requires the same practices used for other
stainless steels; i.e., rigid tool and work supports, slower speeds,
positive cuts, absence of dwelling or glazing, and adequate amounts
of coolant. In the annealed condition this alloy has a high rate of
work hardening and a tendency to be gummy. Machining this alloy in
the annealed condition is not, therefore, recommended. If machining
is to be done after sub-zero hardening, tempering at 1000 °F,
hardness Rockwell C40, is suggested. This will provide improved
machinability compared to that obtained after lowering tempering
treatments. Optimum machinability of this alloy is obtained when the
material is in the equalized and overtempered condition.
Following are typical feeds and speeds for equalized and overtempered alloy 355:
|
High Speed Tools |
||||
|
Turning- |
Cut-Off |
1/16" |
SFPM |
45 |
|
1/8" |
SFPM |
45 |
||
|
1/4" |
SFPM |
45 |
||
|
1/2" |
SFPM |
45 |
||
|
Form |
1" |
SFPM |
45 |
|
|
1-1/2" |
SFPM |
45 |
||
|
Drilling |
Drill |
1/4" |
SFPM |
50 |
|
3/4" |
SFPM |
50 |
||
|
Reaming |
Under 1/2" |
SFPM |
60 |
|
|
Over 1/2" |
SFPM |
60 |
||
|
Die Threading |
T.P.I |
3-7½ |
SFPM |
5-12 |
|
8-15 |
SFPM |
8-15 |
||
|
Over 16 |
SFPM |
10-20 |
||
|
Tapping |
SFPM |
25 |
||
|
Milling- |
Depth of |
SFPM |
85 |
|
|
Broaching |
SFPM |
10 |
||
|
Chip Load in./tooth |
.002 |
|||
Welding
Alloy
355 can be satisfactorily welded by the shielded fusion and
resistance welding processes. Oxyacteylene welding is not
recommended, since carbon pickup the weld may occur. When a filler
metal is required, a matching analysis should be used to provide
welds with properties approximately the same as the base metal. When
designing the weld joint, care should be exercised to avoid stress
concentrators, such as sharp corners, threads. and
partial-penetration welds. When high weld strength is not needed, a
standard austenitic stainless filler, such as E/ER 308, should be
considered. Preheating is not required to prevent cracking. If
possible , the weldment should be annealed after welding to provide
the optimum combination of strength, ductility and corrosion
resistance.
Typical Room
Temperature Mechanical Properties
Sub-zero cooled, tempered
|
Product |
Tempering |
Specimen |
Yield Strength |
Ultimate |
% |
% |
Rockwell
C |
|||||
|
°F |
°C |
0.02% Offset |
0.2% Offset |
|||||||||
|
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
|||||||
|
Bar |
850 |
454 |
L |
142 |
979 |
182 |
1255 |
216 |
1489 |
19 |
38 |
48 |
|
Bar |
850 |
454 |
T |
148 |
1020 |
185 |
1276 |
220 |
1517 |
12 |
21 |
-- |
|
Bar |
1000 |
538 |
L |
147 |
1014 |
171 |
1179 |
185 |
1276 |
19 |
57 |
40 |
|
Bar |
1000 |
538 |
T |
148 |
1020 |
169 |
1165 |
185 |
1276 |
15 |
40 |
-- |
*T(Transverse) L(Longitudinal)
Typical Stress
Rupture Strength Bar
Sub-zero cooled, tempered
|
Tempering |
Test |
Stress for rupture in |
|||||||
|
°F |
°C |
°F |
°C |
10 hours |
100 hours |
1000 hours |
|||
|
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
||||
|
850 |
454 |
800 |
427 |
188 |
1296 |
185 |
1276 |
182 |
1255 |
|
-- |
-- |
900 |
482 |
141 |
972 |
120 |
827 |
98 |
676 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
88 |
607 |
72 |
496 |
58 |
400 |
|
1000 |
538 |
800 |
427 |
140 |
965 |
138 |
951 |
135 |
931 |
|
-- |
-- |
900 |
482 |
110 |
758 |
105 |
724 |
99 |
683 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
84 |
579 |
71 |
490 |
60 |
414 |
Typical Elevated
Temperature Tensile Properties of Bar
Sub-zero cooled,
tempered
|
Test |
Tempering |
Yield Strength |
Ultimate |
% |
% |
||||||
|
°F |
°C |
°F |
°C |
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
||
|
70 |
21 |
850 |
454 |
142 |
979 |
182 |
1255 |
216 |
1489 |
19 |
39 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
147 |
1014 |
171 |
1179 |
186 |
1282 |
19 |
57 |
|
400 |
204 |
850 |
454 |
123 |
848 |
163 |
1124 |
207 |
1427 |
16 |
45 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
128 |
883 |
152 |
1048 |
166 |
1145 |
16 |
60 |
|
600 |
316 |
850 |
454 |
110 |
758 |
152 |
1048 |
210 |
1448 |
12 |
36 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
123 |
848 |
143 |
986 |
159 |
1096 |
14 |
49 |
|
800 |
427 |
850 |
454 |
98 |
676 |
139 |
958 |
198 |
1365 |
11 |
36 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
107 |
738 |
128 |
883 |
140 |
965 |
15 |
54 |
|
1000 |
538 |
850 |
454 |
65 |
448 |
97 |
669 |
144 |
993 |
16 |
57 |
|
-- |
-- |
1000 |
538 |
70 |
483 |
96 |
662 |
115 |
793 |
19 |
65 |